Overview
Attackers use malicious QR codes to redirect users to phishing sites or install malware. These attacks exploit user trust in QR codes, often perceived as safe and convenient. QR code phishing, also known as "QRishing," exploits the ease of scanning QR codes to mislead users. Malicious QR codes may be distributed through emails, flyers, or social media. Once scanned, they redirect users to phishing sites or download malicious payloads without their knowledge.
Risk factors
QR code phishing attacks can arise from:
- Lack of user awareness about malicious QR codes.
- Absence of QR code verification tools in mobile apps.
- Over-reliance on QR codes for critical processes like payments or authentication.
- Unsecured or outdated mobile devices, which may lack protections against malicious redirects or downloads.
Consequences
If an attacker successfully conducts a QR code phishing attack, the following could happen:
- Credential theft: Phishing sites harvest user credentials.
- Malware infection: Scanning QR codes may install spyware or ransomware.
- Financial fraud: Fake payment QR codes can redirect transactions to attacker-controlled accounts.
- Data breaches: Stolen credentials or malware can lead to unauthorized access to sensitive systems or data.
Solutions and best practices
To mitigate the risks associated with QR code phishing attacks, organizations should implement the following security measures:
- Secure QR code scanners: Use apps that validate QR codes before accessing links.
- Awareness training: Teach users to verify the source of QR codes.
- Alternative methods: Encourage businesses to use NFC or other secure options for transactions.
- App security features: Implement app shielding to detect and block malicious QR code behaviors.
- Two-factor authentication: Implement multifactor authentication (MFA) for sensitive transactions or logins to reduce the impact of stolen credentials.