Overview
Data that is not encrypted can be accessed by attackers if they gain access to cloud storage or network traffic. Encryption is critical for protecting data both at rest (stored data) and in transit (data being transferred over networks). When mobile applications store or transmit data without encryption, attackers who gain access to the device, network, or cloud storage can easily view, steal, or manipulate that data. Lack of encryption can also expose data to insider threats or unauthorized access by compromised applications. Whether stored locally on the device, in the cloud, or transferred over the network, unencrypted data is highly vulnerable to eavesdropping, data breaches, or manipulation. Unencrypted data in transit is particularly vulnerable to interception on unsecured networks (e.g., public Wi-Fi).
Risk factors
Dangers from lack of encryption for data at rest and in transit can arise from:
- Sensitive data stored in local files, databases, or cloud storage without encryption is vulnerable to theft if accessed by attackers.
- Transmitting sensitive data over unencrypted channels (e.g., HTTP instead of HTTPS) exposes it to eavesdropping or man-in-the-middle (MitM) attacks.
- Using outdated or weak encryption algorithms can leave data vulnerable to decryption by attackers.
- Improper key management practices, such as storing encryption keys alongside the encrypted data, increase the risk of data exposure.
- Unencrypted backups or archives, which are often overlooked but can be a significant vulnerability.
Consequences
If data is not encrypted, the following could happen:
- Data theft: Attackers can easily steal sensitive data, including user credentials, personal information, or business data, if it is stored or transmitted without encryption.
- Data manipulation: Unencrypted data can be modified by attackers, leading to data integrity issues and potential application failures.
- Identity theft: Personal information stored or transmitted without encryption can be used by attackers for identity fraud or other malicious purposes.
- Non-compliance: Failure to encrypt sensitive data can result in non-compliance with regulations such as GDPR, HIPAA, or PCI-DSS, leading to fines and legal consequences.
- Financial instability: Potential financial losses from ransom demands or operational disruptions caused by data breaches.
Solutions and best practices
If an attacker successfully exploits lack of encryption for data at rest and in transit, the following could happen:
- Encrypt data at rest: Use strong encryption algorithms (e.g., AES-256) to encrypt sensitive data stored on the device, in local files, or in cloud storage.
- Encrypt data in transit: Use secure communication protocols like HTTPS (TLS/SSL) to encrypt data being transmitted over networks.
- Strong key management: Implement proper key management practices, ensuring that encryption keys are stored securely and separately from the data they protect.
- App shielding: Application shielding can provide runtime encryption and protect against tampering or unauthorized access to sensitive data.
